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Hello! Do you want to select one cartoon and I will select the other and we can analyze together?

Colleen: Myronda, that sounds great. I was thinking of the "As to Japanese Exclusion" as on the the cartoons. Which one do you think would go with that?

Colleen, I was just looking at that one too! Let's analyze that one and the first one "Welcome to all". They seem to go well together. The question asked by Chris is "What differences do you see in the perspectives and messages of these cartoons?" (I posted it here so that I would not have to go back and forth between the windows.) They are both about American immigration and from the same source, //Puck//. A big difference is the time period each was published. "Welcome to all" was published in 1880 and "As to Japanese Exclusion" was published in 1913. During 1880, there was an enormous wave of immigration from other countries into the US.I am still hunting a good source on population demographics of 1880 to show you the numbers but, [|US Census Report 1880] could have some promising stuff. The population file is taking a long time to open. Looking at global events or events that would relate this type of satire to the "As to Japanese Exclusion" cartoon would be that during 1880, the Chinese Exclusion Treaty was signed around this time. I found this resource on the treaty: [|Resources from "The West" on PBS] This is a nice resource because it has excerpts of the actual document. Summarizing the document and inserting some of my general knowledge, the US was trying to regulate the immigrant population, which was increasing greatly because of various labor opportunities in the West. The US made an agreement with China to limit Chinese immigration because it "threatens to affect the interests of that country" and the agreement was devised only to regulate the laborers. I notice there is one guy in the cartoon who appears to be Asian and he is looking away. Meanwhile, the US is promising free land, free speech, free education, etc. It is difficult to read, but in the bottom right corner, it says "We may safely say that the present influx of immigration to the United States is something unprecedented in our generation". Meanwhile, over the people waiting in line to get in, there is a big, dark cloud with two scary faces. I can only interpret that this is predicting that the influx of immigration will have negative consequences. Colleen: Good catch on the scary faces in the clouds. It also says "war". Wasn't there the Crimean War going on in Europe at this time? Also, the sign next to the door of the ark reads on one line "Free Lunch" - and we all know there is not such thing as a free lunch. M: This is true. We know there is nothing free... There is also a California Alien Land Law of 1913 that exlcudes Asians from becoming eligible to become citizens and from owning land, however they may lease the land for 3 year stints. I think that the nonAsians in the As to Japanese Exclusion who are all carrying weapons (a bomb, a knife etc.) of some sort is a poke at the fact that there are bigger worries out there than disallowing Japanese to own land.

I was hoping you would pick the "Welcome to All" cartoon. They do go well together because they are contradictory. "Welcome to all" is welcoming all from EUROPE. However, if you look at the back of the line there is an Asian and a man and a woman in the back/middle of the line seem to be from Turkey or Spain (the woman has a mantilla on her head). Though, most of the immigrants do seem to be Western Europe, there are no Africans in the picture and the Asian is put in almost as an afterthought. M: I noticed that they looked like Europeans too, aside from the people you noticed as well. You are right, there certainly are not Africans represented in the picture, despite the fact that this is following the civil war. In the cartoon, "As to Japanese Exclusion", some of the immigrants are dressed as Japanese, but are clearly of another nationality. There seems to be a Russian, Irish and Italian. At this time in history, those nationalities were feeling the sting of descrimination as well. Those who aren't Asian seem to be carrying weapons, a bomb, a knife etc. while the Japanese are seemingly peaceful and look weary and in need of refuge. Interestingly enough, the boat in the previous cartoon was titled "US Ark of Refuge". M: Your observation is spot on. When I first looked at the cartoon, I noticed there was an incongruity with the shoes and the faces, but could not put my finger on it. I suppose the whole gist of the cartoon is the fact that these criminal type people are being allowed into the country, while Asians are not.

Colleen: I started on the Venn Diagram and am going to send it to you as a message attachment. I cannot figure out how to attach it on the wiki.Never mind. I figured it out! Looks great, Colleen! It was great working with you!